Stocks and shares and the stock exchange
bear
noun
someone who expects the prices of shares to fall, so they sell them
bearish
adjective
expecting the prices of shares to fall
bearish
adjective
expecting the level of economic activity in general to fall
bearish
adjective
a bearish market is one in which the prices of shares are falling
bear market
noun
a situation in the stock market in which the prices of shares are falling
bid
noun
an offer to buy the shares in a company and take control of it
bid price
noun
the price at which shares are bought on a stock exchange
bondholder
noun
someone who owns government or company bonds
broker-dealer
noun
a person or company that buys and sells stocks, shares, or goods for other people
bull
noun
someone who expects the prices of shares to rise and may buy them so they can sell them later at a profit
bullish
adjective
a bullish market is one in which the prices of shares are rising
bullish
adjective
expecting the prices of shares to rise
bull market
noun
a situation in the stock market in which the prices of shares are rising
bull run
noun
a period during which prices of shares on the stock market are generally rising
buy-back
noun
an arrangement in which someone agrees to buy back shares or goods that they previously sold to someone
buy-in
noun
a situation in which a group of managers buys some or all of the shares in a company that they do not work for
buyout
noun
a situation in which the managers or people employed in a company take control of it by buying all of its shares
capitalization
noun
the total value of all the shares in one or more companies on a market
close
verb
to have a particular value when people stop buying and selling on a stock exchange at the end of a day
controlling interest
noun
a situation in which someone owns enough shares in a company to be able to make decisions about what the company does
corporate bond
noun
a type of bond (=official document given to someone who has lent money, promising to pay that money back) that is provided by a public company
corporate raider
noun
a person or organization that tries to take control of a company by buying a large number of its shares
correction
noun
a fall in values on the stock market following a period when values have risen very fast
crash
verb
if the stock market crashes, its value falls suddenly
crash
noun
a sudden fall in prices or in the value of the stock market
day trading
noun
the activity of buying shares and selling them for a profit later in the same day
dealing room
noun
a room at a stock exchange where shares are bought and sold
equity
noun
the value of a company’s shares
equities
noun
company shares that can be bought and sold on a stock market
float
verb
to start to sell a company’s shares on the stock market
float
noun
the first time that a company starts to sell its shares on the stock market
floor
noun
an area where shares in companies are bought and sold
flotation
noun
the sale of shares in a company for the first time
futures market
noun
the activity of buying and selling shares, goods, or currency at an agreed price to be delivered at a time in the future
gain
verb
if shares or the markets gain, the value of shares increases
gilt
noun
a security (=a financial document that shows you own something)
golden share
noun
a share that is owned by the government in a private company which allows the government to control what the company does after it has been privatized
grey market
noun
the activity of buying and selling company shares before they are officially available
hedge
verb
to buy and sell shares in such a way that the risk of losing money is low
holding
noun
a part of a company that someone owns in the form of a share or shares
IPO
noun
initial public offering: an occasion when shares in a company are first sold to the public
irredeemable
adjective
irredeemable stock cannot be sold in return for money
issue
noun
a set of things, for example shares in a company, that are made available to people at a particular time
jobber
noun
someone whose job is to sell stocks and bonds
LBO
noun
a leveraged buyout
leveraged buyout
noun
a way of taking control of a company by buying its shares using borrowed money, with the intention of using money from the company to pay back what has been borrowed
management buyout
noun
a business deal in which the managers of a company buy all or the majority of its shares so that they own the company
market
noun
a stock market
market capitalization
noun
a way of measuring the value of a company calculated by multiplying the number of the company’s shares by their price on the stock market
market maker
noun
someone whose job is to buy and sell stocks and shares for other people on the stock market
miner
noun
a share in a mining company
mutual fund
noun
a unit trust
offer price
noun
the price at which a company is willing to sell shares
ordinary shares
noun
the majority of the shares into which the capital of a company is divided. The people who own these shares have the right to a part of the company’s profits.
par
noun
the original value of a stock market share
P/E ratio
noun
price-earnings ratio
pit
noun
the place where people buy and sell shares in a stock exchange
premium
noun
the amount by which the price of a share is higher than its original price
price-earnings ratio
noun
a way of measuring the value of a company’s stock by dividing the price for each share by what the company earns for it
profit-taking
noun
a situation where businesspeople sell shares while they are rising in value in order to make a profit
raid
noun
an attempt by one business to take control of another by buying a lot of its shares
raider
noun
a corporate raider
redeem
verb
to get money by selling shares that you own in a company
redemption
noun
the sale of shares that you own in a company
rights issue
noun
an offer of shares at a special low price by a company to people who already own shares in it
scrip
noun
extra shares that are given to someone who already has shares in a company, instead of a dividend
securities
noun
documents showing that you own shares in a company
sell-off
noun
a situation in which a lot of stocks are sold at the same time, making prices go down
share
noun
relating to shares
shareholder
noun
someone who owns shares in a company
share option
noun
an arrangement by which a worker can buy shares in the company they work for at a good price and will make money if they keep them for an agreed number of years
spread betting
noun
a type of betting on the stock market in which you win shares if the value of a company increases or decreases within a particular range of possible values
stock
noun
one of the equal parts into which the value of a company is divided
stockbroker
noun
someone whose job is to buy and sell shares in companies for other people
stock exchange
noun
a place where people buy and sell shares in companies
the stock exchange
noun
the stock market
stockholder
noun
a shareholder
the stock market
noun
a stock exchange
the stock market
noun
the activities connected with buying and selling shares in companies
the stock market
noun
the value of the shares being sold in a stock exchange
stock option
noun
a share option
subscribe for
to apply to buy shares in a company
subscription
noun
an agreement to buy shares in a company
takeover
noun
a situation in which one company takes control of another company by buying a majority of its shares
TMT
abbreviation
technology, media, and telecommunications: used for describing that area of business on the stock exchange
trade
noun
the activity of buying and selling shares in companies
trading
noun
the activity of buying and selling shares in companies
underwriter
noun
a financial institution that underwrites a company’s shares when they first become available
unit price
noun
the price of each single thing, especially a share in a company
unit trust
noun
an organization through which you can buy shares in many different businesses
unlisted
adjective
used about the shares of an unlisted company
the Wall Street Crash
a famous event in 1929 when the value of shares on the wall street stock exchange in New York fell so low that many people lost all their money. This event led to the Depression of the 1930s.
warehousing
noun
an attempt to protect or increase the value of a company’s shares by buying a lot of them
go public
if a private company goes public, it becomes a public company by selling shares to people
play the (stock) market
to invest in stocks or shares because you want to make money